Management Role

There are several meanings and interpretations that are engaged in the word management. Also, the roles and work that are associated in this position also defends on the knowledge of that particular person about the term. It can be said that most people view management as the position in which you can get the things done through other people. Still, there are some views regarding the role of management in an organization that can be considered quite apart from the traditional view of management roles such as to support employees in order to maximize their ability for the betterment of the organization and as well to help employees to be productive members of the community. However, for most employees it can be said that the term management refers to the group of people with the responsibility to make decisions about the organization. The activities of the board as well as program and/or executive directors are also referred to as management. In Joe’s case, he had misconceptions of the responsibility that had been put into his shoulders by the time that he was appointed manager for the Best Made Mfg. Thus, Joe was placed back into his previous position, in the production line after merely 3 weeks.   Joe expected to do the same kind of work, only lighter than before after being placed into a new position. In can be seen in this case that the roles and responsibilities of being a manager is quite different from being in the production line. Being a part of the production line means working side-be-side with the people on the said workplace. It means that you are likely to do what most people do. Thus, being a manager is a totally different scenario. In order to better see the differences, let us look closely to the part and role of the management in the progress and development of the company. In the traditional interpretation, management is referred to as the activities of groups of people in which their main responsibility involves planning, organizing, leading and as well as controlling/coordinating. In order to have a better picture of the role of management, let us look closely at each of the four functions mentioned above. Planning involves the identification of goals, objectives and methods that the company intends to do and achieve. The resources that will be used in the companies operation is also part of planning as well as to identify the responsibilities of personnel’s and the completion date of a certain task. There are many kinds of planning of which strategic, business, project, staffing and as well as advertising and promotions planning are included. Another responsibility of the management is to organize the resources of the company in order to achieve the goals of the company in the most advantageous manner. It may include the organization of new departments, offices, file systems, human resources and as well as the reorganization of the business and others. Another consideration and responsibility that is in the hands of the management is to influence the persons that are part of the company. Leading is an important consideration in order to motivate the employees. Thus, to set the direction that must taken by the individual employees is an important factor in order to maximize the potential of the company. Leading not just involves striving to achieve the goal of the company but to influence the employees to the same thing as well. Controlling/Coordinating is also an important task of the management. It involves the processes, systems and structures of the organization in order to reach the organization’s goals and objectives in the most effective and efficient manner. This may include the monitoring and adjustments of the systems and other structures of the company as well as the collection of feedbacks. The performance management process, financial controls together with the policies and structures are some of the examples. Thus, the task of those in the production line and management involves two different tasks. The main distinction is that those in the production line are guided by the management but does not have the authority to make decisions. This is the job of the management along with all the other responsibilities and task mentioned above. Being part of the management and of the production line are two different tasks that involves different approach. To treat them as having the same function and responsibility will surely cause you some trouble just like Joe’s case. Reference Davidmann, M. (1998). Role of managers under Different Style of Management. Retrieved December 12, 2007 from http://www.solhaam.org/articles/clm2su.html Heathfield, S. (2007). When Management Systems Fail. Retrieved December 12, 2007 from http://humanresources.about.com/od/motivationsuccess/a/manage_systems.htm McNamara, C. (2007). Basics—Definitions (and Misconceptions) About Management. Retrieved December 12, 2007 from http://www.managementhelp.org/mgmnt/defntion.htm Management Role The manager and leaders are different notions; yet they are united in the fact that both fulfil a variety of roles in an organization. It is this variety of roles that makes their job so challenging and diverse. People entering these positions should prepare themselves to balance many tasks and issues at a time, trying to find a good balance between all of them. This week we will concentrate on the role of the manager as specified in the management roles and styles. Professionals discussing this issue find a classification advanced by H. Mintzberg very helpful. This classification includes ten most common roles fulfilled by the manager: â€Å"three interpersonal roles (figurehead, leader, and liaison), three informational roles (monitor, disseminator, and spokesman), and four decisional roles (entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator)† (Gottschalk, n.d.). Minzberg notes that these roles are fulfilled by all managers irrespective of their position in an organization and corresponding functions. However, in his opinion, â€Å"differences do exist in the importance and effort dedicated to each managerial role based on job content, different skill levels, and expertise† (Gottschalk, n.d.). The consideration of managerial roles has important implications for an organization regardless of its sphere of activity. For example, the organization opting for the matrix management will introduce â€Å"multiple lines of authority, reflecting the multiple functions expected of a flexible workforce† (Li et al., 2003, p. 192). This means that managers in such an organization should possess a variety of skills that make them better prepared to handle each specific situation. In my view, the most important role in Minzberg’s matrix is that of a leader. As stated above, management and leadership are not equivalent. Kelly (n.d.) points out that â€Å"Managers maintain, oversee and follow policies set by others; leaders by example induce others to follow, they set goals and often are the catalysts for change†. However, it seems that the conflict between management and leadership is overemphasized in literature. When a person leads, the managerial role offers support and framework for this activity. On the other hand, if the manager is not a leader, there are relatively few ways to force people to do things. One is to demand obedience through discipline, but this is hardly a viable way to inspire people to great deeds. Leadership skills are multiple: here belong communicative skills, the gift to speak so as to impress the audience, a fine knowledge of psychology, and ability to set clear goals. The manager should be a skilful resource allocator, as Minzberg mentions, since resources of the organization depend on good management. Effective distribution of resources is a great help to an organization in achieving its goals. A manager is expected to provide guidance on this procedure and handle the task on one’s own. Doing this can require considerable hard skills, including knowledge of mathematically-based resource allocation models. Surely, the degree to which a manager is going to need these skills will vary proportionately to the manager’s involvement in resource allocation. In many cases, a good working knowledge of the computer is essential since resource allocation can be done with the help of software such as MS Project. One role that Minzberg does not cover explicitly but the one that is nevertheless very important is that of a mentor. A manager is there to help employees reach their full potential and is therefore obliged to pay attention to their skills and expertise. He or she should make bringing out inborn skills and developing weak areas a priority in one’s work. To make this happen, the manager should develop in the first place communication skills. To be a mentor, one needs to establish good relations with the person and find out what this individual’s interests are. Rapport with subordinates is essential for this role, and teaching skills are essential. Another role that can be added to Minzberg’s classification is that of a delegator. A manager should possess ability to delegate that forms the basis for effective work of a unit. It is in no case possible to do everything on one’s own. Therefore, the manager needs to be able to find niches for certain people and find out in what way they can deliver value to an organization. This takes substantial knowledge of the nature of business, as well as the ablity to assess adequately the abilities of a concrete person. A manager should also be a good innovator. Since this role requires creativity, not everyone can fulfil it adequately. However, it is imperative that a manager be able to invent new solutions. In the course of managerial activities, novel and unusual situations are frequent. To these situations, a manager cannot always find trite solutions and therefore has to come up with something new. Thus, a manager is expected to fulfil a variety of roles. The ability to find balance between all of them is perhaps the most important ability and role in an organization. The manager should serve as a â€Å"balancer† integrating all parts of the assignment or project into a coherent whole. This role is perhaps even more important than all the rest. However, its fulfilment requires adequate position in all the other roles. The manager will inevitably succeed in some roles and struggle with others. Thus, someone who is a skilful spokesman can be a much worse resource allocator; another one who is a good entrepreneur is a poor disturbance handler. This is why it is necessary to keep reviewing one’s management style from time to time, identifying more and less successful roles and improving those that need strengthening. References Gottschalk, P. The Chief Information Officer: A Study of Managerial Roles in Norway. Retrieved August 19, 2006 Kelly, R.R. Leadership/Management. Retrieved August 19, 2006 Li, R.R. et al. Shifting matrix management: a model for multi-agent cooperation. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 16, pp. 191-201. Retrieved August 19, 2006, from http://iet.open.ac.uk/pp/m.j.weller/pub/

Fight Club- Rebellion in Society Essay

In the novel Fight Club, Chuck Palahniuk uses the Fight Club, Project Mayhem, and its members to illustrate their need to rebel against the aspects of society they deem flawed. One of the main characters, Tyler Durden, acts as the protagonist and the antagonist in many different ways. Tyler, along with the narrator of the book start up a fight club so that they could let their frustrations at their lives and society out in a fist fight. The main thing about this is that its not about the fighting to them, its about the release and the freedom. It allows them to rebel against what society regards as normal and perfect. Most guys are at fight club because of something theyre too scared to fight. After a few fights, youre afraid a lot less (54). The men are at fight club because of something in their life thats not going the way they feel it should, or rather how society says it should. Fight club lets them realize that its ok because life isnt all that great anyhow. Tyler preaches that they will all die one day so they might as well accept that, because once they can accept their fate, they would be free to do anything. Until they could do that, they were useless to him because Tyler needed people who hit rock bottom. Palahniuk emphasizes that society has grown increasingly materialistic and that all people do are work at jobs they hate to buy things they dont need. Project Mayhem was started in the novel to be the buffer, a sort of socio-terrorist movement to rebel against society and bring it down to how they feel it should be. Tylers philosophy was that if everyone went back to zero and had to start all over, then things would be better. Attempting to give people what they thought were better lives were their acts of rebellion against society. Works Cited Fight Club, Chuck Palahniuk

Ethics and social responsiblity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ethics and social responsiblity - Essay Example These incidents are all manifestations of the failure of companies to act in a socially responsible manner. Always, at the other end of the supply chain – the consumers – bear the brunt of the failure of companies to act responsibly. For which reason, this research paper is now being carried out in order to establish ways with which the general public and concerned authorities can evaluate if a company is behaving in a socially responsible manner. This paper shall consider the growing role of ethical considerations in business, as well as the different moral philosophies and ethical standpoints related to CSR. It shall also consider ethics and corruption in its discussion. Practical examples shall be used in order to answer the details needed in this paper. This paper is being conducted in order to establish a comprehensive evaluation of corporate social responsibility and how the general public can be guided in their patronage and purchase of the various products and s ervices in the market. Discussion Corporate social responsibility defined Before any discussion or evaluation of this subject matter can be carried out, it is important to first understand and lay out a standard definition and conceptualization of corporate social responsibility, otherwise known as CSR. ... It is defined more in detail by Carroll (as cited by Kanji, 2009, p. 102) as a pyramid with four distinct elements. The first is economic responsibility; the second is, legal responsibility; the third is ethical responsibility; and the fourth is discretionary responsibility which is otherwise equivalent to philanthropy. This definition however is still considered incomplete because it does not take into consideration the dynamic relationship between corporations and society. The above definitions can be conceptualized on a more comprehensive plain when the elements of social fairness, ethics, environmental rights, human rights are all considered in the management of corporations (Kanji, 2009, p. 102). These elements all have standards of compliance and all help build knowledge and a strong basis for the evaluation of CSR among corporations. Approaches to evaluating CSR There are different ways of evaluating whether or not a company is acting in a socially responsible way. Schermerhor n, Jr. (2010, p. 70) suggests that a company’s CSR performance can be measured based on the following criteria: economic responsibility, legal responsibility, ethical responsibility, and discretionary responsibility. In essence, evaluating a corporation is taking note of the following: 1. Economic responsibility: Is the organization profitable? 2. Legal responsibility: Is the company obeying the law? 3. Ethical responsibility: Is the company doing what is â€Å"right?† 4. Discretionary responsibility: Is the organization contributing to the broader community? (Schermerhorn, Jr., 2010, p. 70). In the current age of the globalized market, mass consumerism has now become the running trend. For corporations wanting to fulfil their CSR, their ability to

Finance and Asset Management Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Finance and Asset Management Report - Essay Example 2012, 2011 and 2011. This performance evaluation has been conducted by using ratio analysis which has been the most effective performance evaluation tool in terms of past performance trends. The comparison of the financial performance of Great Portland is also made in collaboration with one of the industry competitor named as Songbird over the same financial periods. Following are the five broader areas of ratio analysis namely profitability, liquidity, efficiency, solvency and investment under which the performance evaluation has been conducted (Brigham et al, 2008). Profitability Analysis The profitability picture of Great Portland provides a better view if the past performance is taken into consideration. It can be observed that the net profit margin of Portland has improved massively as it just started some momentum in the year 2010 (Great Portland Estates, 2012). However, in the year 2011, the firm bounced back on significant note and continued its better performance in the year 2012 as well. Very similar trend can also be observed if operating profit margin is taken into consideration, which started peaking in the year 2010. However, operating profit margin for Great Portland has been on an increasing trend. If these two ratios of Great Portland are compared with Songbird, it can be noted that Songbird was performing well on these notes until 2012 when it drowned into losses (Songbird Estates plc, 2011). However, operating profit margin is still positive for Songbird in the last year but it has declined severely in the last three years. If return generated by the assets of the firm, are taken into consideration, Great Portland has improved its performance in this area as well such that from 13% ROA, it has increased to the ROA of 17% which is a very delightful sign for the company until 2012 when it declined to 7.9%. Likewise, return on shareholders’ equity has also performed well as it has increased from negative 17%% to positive 23%, which is a t remendous indicator that the equity of the company is making good profits until 2012 when it reduced down to 12%. Conversely, these two ratios for Songbird have again showed sluggish performance over the past three years as their performance in terms of both ROA and ROE has shifted into negative zone, which is an alarming sine for Songbird. Ratios 2012 2012 2011 2011 2010 2010 Great Portland Songbird Great Portland Songbird Great Portland Songbird Profitability Net Profit Margin 339.61% -33.47% 407.68% 146.40% 349.89% 63.57% Operating Profit Margin 378.56% 82.53% 432.13% 93.36% 404.92% 116.46% Return on Assets 7.90% -1.37% 17.05% 6.86% 13.17% 3.28% Return on Equity 12.53% -5.09% 23.38% 24.00% 17.84% 16.99% Liquidity Analysis The liquidity analysis of both the companies is conducted rather in a brief manner as only one ratio has been selected for this purpose, which is current ratio. Current ratio mainly depicts the amount of current assets available in order to pay off $1 current li ability of the company (Watson, 2009). If the current ratio of Great Portland is taken into consideration, it can be noted that this figure has been observed consistently on a declining trend such that the current ratio of the company was 2.59, which depicts that the company had only ?2.59 in order to pay o

Gun ban is not practical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gun ban is not practical - Essay Example Even though some people think that the issue of ban on guns  will control crime, this concern is supposed to be nonexistent owing to the truth  that guns are essential for  safeguarding oneself  against crime, and through  the implementation of ban on guns   the right of people  to bear arms in the second amendment is violated.   Firstly, in order to reduce violent behaviour, the first step is to find out the reason causing it and hence address to that factor. Guns do not bring about the fury; they are merely the way by which the anger is expressed. Concentrating on the causes of the misery, distress, rage and feeling of defencelessness, that lead individuals to resort to crimes will contribute more than just implementing gun laws that are restrictive. As stated by David Kopel (450) â€Å"Making guns illegal will primarily disarm peaceful citizens. That gives a green light for violent criminals to attack everyone – both gun owners and non-owners alike.† Secondly if the guns will be outlawed then only the criminal will possess guns since there will always be a black market for these offenders to get their hands on illegal ammunition. A gun is just an instrument; they dont murder individuals. People slay people. The issue depends on the person using the gun, and what circumstances he is caught up in. Buying a gun lawfully is a difficult procedure. The purchaser has to wait for a time period of two months and so this process assures the incorruptibility and dependability of the owner of the gun. As stated by Hugh LaFollette (316), the power of non-gun weapons for example knives and clubs are also most of the times used for crimes so there is no point in banning the guns as they leave the innocent people at a disadvantage to protect themselves. Citizens who are law abiding have the justification to defend themselves against risks and threats. Due to possession of guns, robberies have reduced significantly. Thirdly, Guns just not simply protect lives, but they

Mercedes Benz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mercedes Benz - Essay Example Innovation of new ideas, which brings forth new products, is a factor behind this success. However, global companies have failed due to lack of customer satisfaction. Mercedes Benz is a company that for years has realized its goals by providing best automobile products to clients although critics argue that the price is unfriendly. 2. Background of the company The Mercedes Benz is a leading German automobile manufacturer with global presence through subsidiaries in various parts of the world. It deals with production of a wide range of vehicles including luxurious cars, buses, coaches, and trucks. The world’s leader in luxury cars has its origin traced back to German citizens in the name of Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler. Over the years, the company has brought in diverse hi-tech and safety improvement that other vehicle manufacturers have borrowed (Kristin 112). Today, brand name is among the most popular brands in the world. The company grew over the years to become one of t he leading suppliers of automobiles around the world. 3. Products offered Since the formation of the company, it has preserved a global repute of quality and resilience, winning various quality awards around the world. ... However, as more companies ventured in the production of similarly deluxe, elegant and cheaper cars, its popularity started to exhibit a slowed growth and losing its grip as the leading supplier of quality and durable cars. Major competitors include the Audi, BMW, Toyota, Lexus, Land Rovers, Fox wagon, the Cadillac model, and the prestigious Porsche among others. The company prides in the production of the lavish Mercedes Benz models including cars buses, trucks and buses as well (Koichi 111). At some point, the company produced sport cars, but has since then withdrawn from it. 4. Related industries and competitors The year 1958 saw the company enter into a distribution treaty with Studebaker- Packard, a marketing company of Indiana in the United States of America, which marked the beginning of its numerous subsidiaries around the states as well as other countries around the world. At present, the company has many outlets in several countries for assembling or full manufacture of the luxurious brand automobiles. These subsidiaries are now operational in several countries in South America, Africa, Asia; especially south eastern parts, parts of Europe and North America, giving the company a global representation. The company has close relation with tyre industries including companies like Michelin, Dunlop, Ferari, Bridgestone, and Firestone among others, leather companies, paint and adhesive companies as well as several marketing industry players. 5. Marketing strategy The company’s marketing strategy has traditionally focused on the luxury, precise engineering, and safety of the cars it produces. However, more recently owing to increased competition from other manufacturers of luxury cars, increasing cost of production and changing consumer preferences, the

Socrates, Are You Happy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Socrates, Are You Happy - Term Paper Example Human perfection is thus a product of perfection of the intellect. The following paper discusses the just occasion of Socrates’ view that a morally good person is happier than the morally bad person. This will be followed by a personal philosophical worry related to his justification. DISCUSSION Socrates’ view of the relation between virtues and happiness is that good morals are necessary for the fulfillment of life happiness. He believed that an honest, fair, wise and self controlled individual will merit praise and respect from other people thus contributing to achievement of happiness. Portraying virtuous behaviors towards people does not guarantee moral reciprocity. In such a case, Socrates’ view makes one wonder whether nasty responses to virtuous deeds are an aspect of happiness. Consequently, morally potent people have a tendency of leading a life filled with fun and joyous experiences. In this perspective, happiness emanates from the belief that their act ions are for the life betterment and satisfaction. Everything that brings satisfaction is an agent of happiness not unless one is missing out on the different forms of happiness. However, he counters this by suggesting that normal happiness makes one think that they are happy whereas real happiness stems deeply inside the soul. He portends, "The Olympian victor makes you think yourself happy; I make you be happy" (West 36-37). Socrates affirms that true happiness extends beyond external wealth and worldly possessions. He asserts, â€Å"Wealth does not bring about excellence, but excellence makes wealth and everything else pleasurable for men† (West 30). This implies that it is impossible for one to buy perfect happiness through material possessions. Socrates views virtue and soul as a means to a healthy and flourishing after life and the evil tendencies associated with an individual have the ability to destroy the soul leading to future unhappiness. He believes in the existen ce of a higher power that rewards and punishes good and bad deeds in the after life. This rhymes with his affirmation that morally upright individuals will lead a happy life both currently and in the after life. Amid his belief in the existence of the after life, Socrates does not believe in any sacred scripture or religious myths (Leibowitz). The lack of credible proves of the existence such an after life after death compromises the logic that individuals abiding to the moral virtues will experience a happy after life. Does this means that one has to endure painful experiences that may be associated with maintenance of virtuous principles to deny he or herself satisfaction in the current life for an after life? According to Socrates, wisdom is the centrally significant aspect of happiness. He maintained, â€Å"The unexamined life is not worth living† (West, 38). Evil, people lack an aspect of reflection in the way they lead their life thus wasting the capacity of critical th inking that enables one choose between vices and virtues. They only indulge in those activities that please their body without an analysis of the far reaching effects of their actions. Virtues cannot be developed without wisdom implying that virtuous individuals stand a better chance of cultivating long lasting happiness than evil people. Moreover, wisdom is required for an individual to know whether what they are pursuing in their life will

Proposal to be a nursing home dministrator Thesis

To be a nursing home dministrator - Thesis Proposal Example As part of my experience then, I worked with Genesis Health Care System as a coordinator of their Medicare customers. During this time I was in charge of managing the assigned schedule of these customers, monitoring all the certifications forms in the facility among many other duties you that this course have fully equipped me with the ability to manage a nursing facility very effectively while ensuring that all the patients together with their visitors are safe. I also have been working as a Nurse Supervisor in Baltimore with Manor care Dulaney in the year 2010 until now supervising all many activities in the pace and attending to several complaints that are brought forward by different customers. Therefore can just state that my purpose in requesting for the position is to serve people with most diligence and utmost commitment to my work given that I have effective communication skills. It is then my hope that this opportunity will be granted to me. Thank

Russian history, Dr. Zhivago Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Russian history, Dr. Zhivago - Essay Example The discussion about land reform weighs heavily on their minds and takes place on the country estate of an aristocratic patron of the arts. Kolya is described as a future famous writer, and it is important to note the future that Russia and its upper class were soon to face: one in which people like the Zhivago's were to lose their possessions and their status under the new Socialist system. The second chapter elucidates the political implications of the strikes, and the various characters' involvement in them. Madame Guishar is called a member of the aristocracy, but she is dependent on Komarovsky for her well-being and financial stability. Lara feels that she is enslaved by the lawyer, and Yura immediately senses Komarovsky's power over her. The Guishar family is not enmeshed in the political changes taking place, but Lara's association with the young rebels and her family's fear of attack shows the all-encompassing power of the imminent societal changes rumbling below. There is a sense of impending and wide-sweeping transformation taking place, though some feel that the final resolution lies in the czar's manifesto. The connections between all the various plot lines seem to imply that there is no action that is not tied to others, and there is no life that stands independently. At the same time, Pasternak creates the sense that all of the diverse movements leading up to Madame Guishar's attempted suicide exist largely to bring Yura and Lara together. In the fourth chapter, many young characters of the novel find themselves in the throes of World War I, in which Russia suffered heavy casualties. The Russian army was ill equipped to fight on such a large scale, and many soldiers fought without weapons or shoes. The war was devastating, of course, not only to soldiers, but also to Russia at large. By the end of 1915, there were manifold signs that the economy was breaking down under the heightened strain of wartime demand. The main problems were food shortages and rising prices. Inflation rapidly forced down real incomes, and shortages made it difficult to buy even what one could afford. Shortages were especially a problem in the capital, Petrograd (formerly the City of St. Petersburg), where distance from supplies and poor transportation networks made matters particularly bad. Shops closed early or entirely for lack of bread, sugar, meat and other provisions. And lines grew for what remained. It became increasingly difficult both t o afford and to buy food. Not surprisingly, strikes increased steadily from the middle of 1915. And so did crime. But mostly people suffered and endured--scouring the city for food (working-class women in Petrograd reportedly spent about forty hours a week in food lines ), begging, turning to prostitution or crime, tearing down wooden fences to keep stoves heated for warmth, grumbling about the rich, and wondering when and how this would all end. With good reason, government officials responsible for public order worried about how long people's patience would last. The war affects the characters in the novel in different ways. Pasha sees it as an opportunity to escape from his unsatisfactory marriage, Zhivago is called upon to apply his medical skills toward an unsavory task, and Misha finds himself contemplating his own position as a member of the

Woman Changing Tradition Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Woman Changing Tradition - Research Paper Example They have made up their minds to come out of their houses and work like men. They want their rights and want to do all that men are supposed to do because their own gender roles make them feel inferior. They want to be at the workplace, in the politics, and in the armed forces. This has been inculcated in their minds by way of strong feminism which comes with the agenda of women liberation. This paper discusses the hot debate whether women should be allowed to change gender roles or not by shedding light on the way feminist theories are changing the trend. Let’s start with explaining the difference between sex and gender which will show to the reader how gender roles come into existence. Sex refers to physical anatomy and biological differences between male and female; while, gender means the characteristics by which the society defines who is male and who is female (Roughgarden 22). Every culture has different concepts of gender roles that are assigned to males and females, a nd these are the gender roles that define the masculinity and femininity of an individual regardless of his physical anatomy or, in other words, sex. â€Å"Men and women are social categories† and socially â€Å"we have the freedom to decide who counts as a man and who counts as a woman† (Roughgarden 23). ... e main aim of contemporary popular culture is to refigure the body, hence issues regarding the body such as its shape, age and other requirements are the hot subject matter for magazines, books, journals, TV shows and even popular science. He states that these issues regarding the body raise questions about body frailty which creates concerns about gender differences, women being treated differently from men and the inferiority they experience as a result. For this reason, the issues regarding body and the gender differences encompassing the popular culture are the main concern of current feminist theories. Liberal women talk about women being treated differently than men, that is, gender discrimination that is favored basically by male domination. They talk about women’s understanding about sexuality, their experience at the workplace and how they manage their families alongside work. They are also concerned with women working with disciplines like history, social sciences, p hilosophy, arts and anthropology. The other important thing this feminism has to say is that women can tend to change the whole scenario by using their practical and empirical knowledge. This would help construct â€Å"a future non-sexist society† (Humm 5) which is the focus of attention of feminism. There are some feminists who characterize women as slaves in their houses doing work for their families without getting paid and thus their houses become a sort of prison for them. This is often referred to as domesticity. They say that this domesticity has to be ruled out from women’s lives if they want themselves to be treated at an equal status with men and considered as modern. The issues of domesticity and gender discrimination define how today’s woman reacts to her inferior position in

Strategic Analysis Of Starbucks Corporation Essay Example for Free

Strategic Analysis Of Starbucks Corporation Essay Starbucks: Delivering Customer Service !!Case Write-Up 2 Hamayun Khan In der krà ¼mm 8 65934 Frankfurt E-Mail: [emailprotected] ID: 6495923 16.11.2017 Submitted to J.-Prof. Simone Wies Strategic Market Management M.S. Program Marketing Analytics Goethe University Frankfurt Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Winter Term 2017/2018 Success is the best when it shares, according to case study Starbucks branding strategy, was live coffee which associates to keep national coffee culture and also provide high quality coffee. Starbucks  ´Ã‚ ´Service ´  ´to customize the drink that customers want. Their brand strategy was a big large location to make an environment to gathered peoples, in order to pursue customer satisfaction. One of the distribution strategies in high traffic areas was retail centers, and university campuses etc. Depending on stores, size and it offers a variety of coffee accessories. To reach their customers Starbucks creates third parties distribution like joint venture with Pepsi. Delivering quality service, well-trained workers are important as Starbucks focused. Just say  ´yes ´ policy to deliver best service to the customer. The main problem that Starbucks faced is that their customers customized their products which also affects product quality and customer focus for the company. Mystery shopper program, which is called Customer snapshot, was also a good tool to monitor better service, product quality, speed of service and the most important is cleanliness, that also customers rated high importance in creating customer satisfaction. A great move of the company ´s growth is RD in product innovation and Starbucks also innovates 3rd waves coffee experience which is also a good move for better service, that new fancy reserve stores which are large. Starbuck introduce a concept in urb an areas an evening program. Also a mobile app which offers to customers order and pay from their smartphone. Another big idea to brews up delivery service, which is not free but according to research suggests that people will pay additional surcharge but its riskier too like Frappuccino loses cream balm in some time and whipped cream also it mild into hot drinks. If it fails it will be a huge dark spot in a company. The campaign  ´Ã‚ ´Halo ´Ã‚ ´ effect also increased sales of bottled Frappuccino. This successful campaign also affects business model. I think its possible to deliver customer intimacy through different strategies like customer loyalty programs or music event because most of customers are young and university students. And increasing customers touch points. The Starbucks cards and reward programs brought a big change for customer loyalty and retention, and also to investigate customer ´s need and want. Another way to gain competitive advantages as well as customer satisfaction is low cost leadership and high quality product and service. In todays business world most of the companies focus more on CSR activities like not only to sell a product or provide service but also to do something for the community. Fairtrade is the best way. Consistent customer base and tailored marketing campaign is also possible way to achieve customer satisfaction. Starbucks always pride in retail service but not meeting customer experiences in area of customer satisfaction. To improve speed of service, reduce employees stress increase customer satisfaction. Because companies who build customer intimacy they understand customer ´s world which also helps to closer and trustful relationship with customers.

Nude in art Essay Example for Free

Nude in art Essay The nude has changed dramatically throughout time in terms of its role in the art world. It has been used to portray a person’s power and their weakness, the way they see themselves and the way others see them. The majority of nude artworks are of the female nude, as highlighted by John Berger, ‘men look at women, women look back at themselves being looked at. ’ Vanessa Beecroft, a contemporary artist deems to challenge the way society views the nude in both high art and everyday contemporary society. She challenges the way women are judged on their appearance a base concept that is seen throughout many pervious images of the nude in art. In 1599 Pieter Pauwel Rubens depicts just that, the judgment of a women based on looks in his painting, The Judgment of Paris, which depicts Venus the goddess of beauty and love being judged as the most beautiful female by the judge Paris. In contrast to these female nudes, during the renaissance, Michelangelo’s nudes consisted of mainly males. He used the nude to show both desire and strength as well as his devotion to religion and art. The nude in art can been seen changing as society does throughout time. In the contemporary society we live in today, we, the audience, are more likely to accept the nude as part of everyday life because of the way mass media has influenced us as a society. However, before times when the nude was common sight and open sexual desire was seen as something preposterous, artists used the nude as a way of portraying their personal aesthetic ideals though religious figures, showing their love for both the art itself and their nude subjects. Michelangelo was first and foremost a sculptor. One of his most famous nude sculptures was that of David – depicted in the moments before he defeated Goliath. Created in 1504, Michelangelo sculpted for four years to create, in his own eyes, the finest sculpture of David possible. Michelangelo’s own dedication to the piece highlights his love for the subject as well as the art form. David was depicted as athletic but natural with some fetchers such as his hand and head enlarged for emphasis. David’s naked form symbolised his high religious status to Michelangelo. He felt that perfection such as David’s should not be hidden, this can be seen throughout a range of Michelangelo’s works, both sculpted and painted where he depicts religious figures of high value as nudes and covers lower class subjects with the cloth of a slave as if to cover their shame. Therefore, it can be seen that Michelangelo mirrors his own ideals in the form of religious figures to depict the perfection he desires as well as display this to the audience for them to subconsciously judge the subjects of his work under their own ideals. During the Baroque era, Rubens depicts the scene of the judgment of Paris, this painting allows the male subject to openly judge the female on their beauty alone. While depicting this mythological tale Rubens also himself paints the Venus to meet his ideal expectations of a woman’s desirable qualities, both physically and temperamental and offers her to the audience’s judgment also. Rubens has posed the women to show off their bodies in the most desirable way as well as highlight their key fetchers’ such as their nipples and lips in deep red and gold against their pure skin, he paints the woman with small breasts and wide hips – the ideal representation of female beauty at the time. Implied innocence hides the male voyeurism in this scene – all figures are equally naked however, only the female body is on show, all male’s in the image are either turning away from the audience or are modestly hidden by lavish draping’s, furthermore, the woman are surrounded by small winged children named, Putti; these figures are associated with love and sexual encounters. The ultimate goal for all the women in this painting is to win the love of Paris through their beauty and Venus’ ideal attraction symbolises the high value placed on this virtue and highlights their love and physical beauty as the most important quality they have to offer. Contemporary artist, Vanessa Beecroft challenges the way the nude has been viewed throughout past art as well as how it is perceived in modern society. Beecroft is most known for her confronting live performances in which a selection of like women are stood on high heels and not much else, facing the audience’s gaze. Beecroft aims to provoke reaction from the audience, both male and female, the gaze these models hold as well as their physical closeness to the audience highlight the fact that these women know they are being looked at and judged and consequently look back and judge the audience creating an uncomfortable but eye opening experience for both the models and the viewer. Beecroft challenges the way the nude body is perceived by both high art and by the public and questions a woman’s need to conform to societies expectations as well as focusing on how the concept of beauty can change over a period of time, Beecroft states, ‘maybe if they (the audience) see it twenty times they’ll start not to think of it in the same way, I’m not sure, it’s an experiment. In conclusion it can been seen that the nude has changed dramatically throughout time however, it has always been associated by different forms of beauty and judgment, due to the human nature of the artists that create such works. It can also be highlighted that the way the audience as well as the artist sees the nudes they depict can change during the artwork or during their lifetime depending on how they are influenced by the changing world around them.

Factors Influencing Participation In Physical Activity Physical Education Essay

Factors Influencing Participation In Physical Activity Physical Education Essay When promoting physical activity to improve and maintain health, the socio-environmental influences that influence participation have to be taken into consideration. Physical activity is very important to public health as it has physical and mental health benefits (Kruk, 2009). It is crucial for prevention of disease but also improves a persons health and well-being and there are social benefits (Kruk, 2009). Chronic diseases such as diabetes, stroke and coronary heart disease are especially a problem due the high number of physical inactivity (Department of Health, 2004). Adults who are physically active have up to 50% less chance of having chronic disease (Department of Health, 2004). Obesity is also a major problem in the United Kingdom and this could be reduced if there was more participation in physical activities. It would help with fat loss and improve fitness and health (Department of Health, 2004). The recommended amount of physical activity is a minimum of thirty minutes a day, five days a week. However, only 35% of males and 24% of females manage to complete this recommendation (Miles, 2007). This may be due to a change in lifestyle because compared to thirty years ago there are less manual jobs and a lot of everyday activities have been improved through use of machines therefore people can be less active (e.g. housework, shopping etc) (Department of Health, 2004). Physical activity is when a person expends energy above normal resting level and there are two types of activities; Usual and intentional (Kruk, 2009). Intentional activity refers to activities that are not normal daily activities, such as dressing or walking, but ones that are during leisure time (Kruk, 2009). This essay will look at some of the different factors that influence people to take part in physical activity and how these factors vary across different populations. One factor to consider when looking at influences on physical activity is upbringing and family life. The interaction with family members and social groups when children are young plays a part in their interest in physical activity later on in life (Dagkas and Stithi, 2007). Social economic factor can determine how much a child can participate in physical activity as it has been shown that middle or upper class families take part as they see it as routine and can afford to take their children to classes and different activities (Dagkas and Stithi, 2007). In the study carried out by Dakgas and Stathi (2007) they found that depending on a childs financial support, encouragement from family members and environment, participation in physical varies. They compared two schools; school A which was in the suburbs and 78% of pupils left with five or more grades at A*-C level compared to a school in the city (school B) which had 40% of pupils leaving with five or more A*-C level grades. They i nterviewed 16 year olds and asked them about what activities they take part in, if their parents help them out and school support. They found that the pupils from school A took part in many more activities in school but also outside of school hours. They had opportunities to join lots of different clubs (e.g. hockey and skiing) due to the school having links with sports clubs (Dagkas and Stithi, 2007). Pupils from school B didnt have many opportunities and only participated in physical activity during school time. The school didnt have playing fields so the variety of sports was limited. When asked about financial support many pupils from school A agreed that without their parents paying for their sessions or kit they wouldnt be able to take part. Pupils from school B said they couldnt afford to attend clubs as their parents didnt have a lot of spare money (Dagkas and Stithi, 2007). The family encouragement was also very little as pupils said they didnt do activities with their fami ly at the weekends, they would hang around the park with their friends. This compares to school A, who said they go for walks or take part in activities with their families at the weekends. They also mentioned that because of other members of the family participating in sports this encouraged them to take part; this motivation was not the same for pupils from school B (Dagkas and Stithi, 2007). The study shows that a persons upbringing can have a major effect on attitudes to physical activity and there are many factors that play a part such as living environment and occupation in adult life. There is an influence of living environment on a persons participation in physical activity and this is mainly due to the accessibility of facilities (Frost et. al, 2010).There is more of a positive attitude to physical activity if people can walk, in a safe and short distance to facilities (Frost et. al, 2010). People in rural areas are less likely to take part in physical activity as they do not have facilities close by compared to those who live in suburban or urban areas (Sallis et. al, 1990). There are two reasons as to why having facilities nearby encourage people to exercise. The first is that they provide visual stimuli; if a person has to walk past a leisure centre everyday then they are going to think more about taking part in physical activity. It also means that participating in physical activity becomes a social norm, making more people more likely to take part (Sallis et. al, 1990). If there are facilities close by it also decreases the obstacle of travelling and the tr avel time (Sallis et. al, 1990). The number of facilities in rural areas is a factor that influences participation and also why there is a greater chance of getting cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes (Frost et. al, 2010). Where a person lives may be due to their job and this can also have an impact on participation in physical activity. Occupation influences participation in physical activity as it has been shown that your type of job can affect how much physical activity you do (Burton and Turrell, 2000). Blue collar workers (e.g. Drivers, labourers, machine operators etc.) have higher mortality rates and more risk of having cardiovascular disease compared to white collar (e.g. Clerks, sales people) and professional workers (e.g. manager). White collar and professional works have been shown to do more physical activity in their leisure time. This may be due to reasons such as blue collar workers may live further away from work so have to add travel time on to their leisure time and they may also have more work responsibilities to take care of (Burton and Turrell, 2000). They also might not have control over when and for how long they work compared to a manager who can have a say in their shifts. There has also been evidence to suggest that most in most workplaces people can spend up to around a half of their time s itting (Kirk and Rhodes, 2011). It is also a similar situation during leisure time when people watch television, using a computer or drive to places, meaning that people spend most of their day being inactive. This shows that their needs to be a change in lifestyle, particularly in workplaces. People should have time during their day to do half an hour of physical activity whether it is at work and during leisure time as physical activity plays an important role in prevention and treatment of hypokinetic diseases. There has been research looking at how physical activity can help with the treatment of hypokinetic diseases such cardiovascular disease (CVD) and obesity. It has been shown that regular physical activity that uses large muscle groups is very important to treating CVD (Briffa et. al, 2006). Physical activity improves symptoms and functionality capacity, for example, reduces recurrent angina symptoms and also helps reduce breathlessness. Taking part in regular physical activity also help with recovering patients in daily activities as it builds up their strength (Briffa et. al, 2006). Survivors of myocardial infarction are 2.5% less likely to die if they are physical active (Briffa et. al, 2006) and this shows that doing even the minimal amount of physical activity is going to benefit a person in their life. Obesity can also be treated with the use of physical activity. To maintain body weight energy intake would have equal the amount of energy being expended and therefore to lose wei ght the amount of energy expenditure, by doing physical activity, needs to be greater which creating an energy deficit (Jakicic and Otto, 2005). To get the best long-term weight loss it has been found that there needs to be a high level of physical activity. This means instead of the recommended 30 minutes a day, a person would have to take part in 60mins of high intensity physical activity to achieve long-term weight loss (Jakicic and Otto, 2005). However it is not achieved just from physical activity, diet also needs to be made healthier to ensure maximum weight loss. This is why it is important to influence participation in physical activity as there could be a major decrease in obesity if people knew how important it was. It has been shown that there are many factors influencing participation physical activity and that what work for one person might not suit another. When looking at the factors that influence young people it is shown there needs to be a change for schools and pupils from a lower class area as they dont have the opportunities to participate that pupils from an upper class area may have. Schools could have after-school clubs where people from the local gym or football club hold classes for a smaller fee to get the children to take part in a variety of activities. Living environment also influences participation as if facilities are not available people do not take part in any kind of physical activity. People from rural areas should be encouraged to use the environment they have near-by to go for walks or cycles or hold classes in the local school or town hall. This means they dont have to travel in to an urban area and will cost less money. Many peoples lifestyle now involves working a lot of hours, mostly in an office and having no leisure time to take part in physical activity and this is a big problem. There needs to be an attitude change in how people look at physical activity. It should not be seen as a chore but something that they will benefit from. If people knew how much their health would benefit from doing as little as 30 minutes of physical activity, five times week, then maybe more people would rethink sitting in front of the television when they get home from work. Once people learn the importance of physical activity then there could be a massive reduction in the amount of people diagnosed with hypokinetic diseases and a much healthier country.

Dickinsons Pictorials of Death Essay -- Literary Analysis

Dickinson’s Pictorials of Death Death is often thought of as a morbid or mysterious subject. Authors and poets spend their lives exploring the questions of what happens when a person dies and what lies beyond death. From the billowy heavens in the Bible to Dante’s many rings of Inferno, no one else has quite the same view as Emily Dickinson on this subject. Through her elliptical poems Dickinson paints various views of death that reveal her multifaceted outlook. She uses different methods to gain insight into the nature of death by processing through the physical aspects of death in â€Å"I hear a fly buzz—when I died†, personifying death in â€Å"Because I could not stop for death†, and reconciling death and immortality in â€Å"Behind me dips—Eternity†. All of these poems create a better understanding of Emily Dickinson’s views of death. During Dickinson’s life, death was something that happened quite often and was never far from her thought. Her house was beside the local cemetery, and, with the Civil War raging, the graveyard always seemed to have a fresh plot. This is where she spent almost her entire life. Emily was born on December 10, 1830 in the â€Å"sleepy village† of Amherst, Massachusetts that was dominated by â€Å"church and college† (Dickinson, Emily). Here she spent her childhood years playing with her brother Austin and sister Lavinia and would later spend her adult years gardening and writing in solitude (Dickinson, Emily). Her isolation gave the impression of being reclusive and antisocial. Emily Dickinson did, however, go off to school and graduated from Amherst Academy in 1947 before coming back to her childhood home and becoming â€Å"a more than ordinary observer of Amherst life† (Dickinson, Emily). Her voluntary seclusion was not b... ...y in the image of â€Å"the Setting Sun† (BOOK PG#). Works Cited Anderson, Charles R. "The Trap of Time in Emily Dickinson's Poetry." ELH 26.3 (1959): 402-24. JSTOR. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. Anderson, John Q. "Heaven Beguiles the Tired: Death in the Poetry of Emily Dickinson." Rev. of Book. The South Central Bulletin 27.1 (1967): 30-31. JSTOR. Web. 27 Mar. 2012. Chuan, Xiao -. "Death and Immortality: The Everlasting Themes." Canadian Social Science 5.5 (2009): 96-99. CSCanada. Canadian Academy of Oriental and Occidental Culture, 2 July 2009. Web. 27 Mar. 2011. â€Å"Dickinson, Emily (1830-1886).† Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 27. Mar. 2012. Spencer, Mark. "Dickinson's Becase I Could Not Stop for Death." The Explicator 65.2 (2007): 95-96. Taylor and Francis Online. Atypon Literatum, 7 Aug. 2010. Web. 27 Mar. 2012.

How does Duffy’s treatment of themes of war and death involve the reade

Carol Ann Duffy’s poem ‘War Photographer’ shows the life and actions of a photographer and portrays how unappreciative we are of what the photographer has to see and go through to take photographs. The poem shows that photographers are doing their duty, but we are not reacting to the photographs in the way that we should be. ‘War photographer’ tries to put a point across to make us realise that war is wrong and the public have become hardened to it. War in the media does not affect us as much as it should do. The editors use gory pictures to shock the readers as something that is disturbing shows the darker side of humanity. While the editors put in pictures of people suffering and facing death, their best interests are not for the people in the picture, but are in the readers, as the more shocking the pictures are the more people buy the paper. That fact that we buy papers because of the explicit photos show us how much we have become hardened to war and that there is also a small element of enjoyment when we see the pictures. This is reflected in the editors of the â€Å"Sunday Supplements† who choose the five or six photos for the ‘hundred agonies’. Throughout the poem Duffy has used symbolism of words to create an ominous feel. In the first paragraph of the poem the photographer is in the â€Å"darkroom† where â€Å"The only light is red†. The â€Å"darkroom† symbolises hatred, evil and death which ties in with the â€Å"red† light which symbolises death and blood. Also conveying the theme is the photographer, who has ‘spools of suffering set out in ordered rows.’ which portrays mass murder and thousand of graves as does ‘all flesh is grass’ which shows how people are seen as dispensable; â€Å"grass† can re-grow, which means that people are nev... ... that is never ending and wants us to realise this so we can try to break the cycle. Carol Anne Duffy uses the ‘War Photographer’ to portray the destruction and devastation that the war tends to bring. I get the idea that the photographer doesn't really enjoy his job as he has painful memories as he 'remembers the cries' this shows that seeing people dying is something that he never forgot about. The war photographer is going through a lot of emotional pain and damage to take war photographs, Duffy uses the poem to show that the readers do not appreciate him nearly as much as they should do. Duffy has a view that war is filled with pain and that people in peaceful society can’t really understand the full impact of war and therefore we have become hardened to it and need to do something to stop the disaster in other countries from repeating itself over and over.

A Seperate Peace :: essays research papers

Devon is a safe haven away from the rest of the world. A war is going on, but at Devon the boys are playing around a river and creating new games like blitzball and not worrying about the problems boys only a few years older than them are facing. Devon is at peace, separate from the fighting and loss many people in the world are facing while Finny, Gene, and other boys are forming a special club just for their group of friends. At Devon the boys know about the war and even have people coming to get them to enlist, but still the war does not hit home. They are still at peace and do not see the reality of the war. What they see are mostly videos brought to them to encourage them to enlist, and those do not come close to showing then the true terror of war. At the beginning of the novel, the boys have not yet been drafted like those a few years ahead of their class. They have not trained for war, and most do not see it as much of a threat. A few boys are ready to enlist, and some do not even consider it. Phineas says he does not even believe there is a war at all, and he partly convinces Gene of this idea as well. The war doesn’t hit any of them until Leper, the first to enlist, goes to war and comes back a complete mess. Although not children, they are not quite adults, and they share a rare time of carefree play that is completely isolated from the war. These young boys are separate from the reality of the world while they continue their studies just as they had always done, with the only difference being an extra school session in the summer. They have no concept of the danger many people are facing. At such a young age, the war seems so distant and unreal, maybe even fake. According to Witherington, "War is only make-believe on the fields and rivers of Devon.

The Declaration of Independence

2_01Revolutionary_Ideas Alex Wasko 4-20-13 Mr. Walsh The Declaration of Independence|Use this panel to provide a paragraph overview of the purpose and structure of the Declaration of Independence. The Declariation of Independence is a statement adopted by the Contenial Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britan, regarded themselves as independent states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. Instead they now formed a new nation the United States of America. Popular sovereignty is the principle that the legitimacy of the government depends on the will or consent of its people. â€Å"When in the corse of human events it becomes necessary for one person to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature,s god entitle them ,a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel to the separation. The Declaration of Independence essentially stated that the social contract that the colony of America had with the government of Great Britain was no longer valid. And, this is in the very first sentence. The social contract that was reflected in the Declaration was as a sign of enforcing Democracy. |Natural rights are rights not contingent upon the laws, customs, or beliefs of any particular culture or government, and therefore universal and inalienable rights.Individual rights are rights held by individual people; even if they are group-differentiated, what most rights are, they remain individual rights if the right-holders are the individuals themselves. |The only problem with the Declaration of Independence is the â€Å"all men are created equal† line. If they had meant â€Å"men† to be generic and apply to all people, it would be ok, but they clearly didn't. They didn't give women the right to vote or anything else. In fact, only male landowners were allowed to vote initially. | The Declaration of Independence 2_01Revolutionary_Ideas Alex Wasko 4-20-13 Mr. Walsh The Declaration of Independence|Use this panel to provide a paragraph overview of the purpose and structure of the Declaration of Independence. The Declariation of Independence is a statement adopted by the Contenial Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britan, regarded themselves as independent states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. Instead they now formed a new nation the United States of America. Popular sovereignty is the principle that the legitimacy of the government depends on the will or consent of its people. â€Å"When in the corse of human events it becomes necessary for one person to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature,s god entitle them ,a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel to the separation. The Declaration of Independence essentially stated that the social contract that the colony of America had with the government of Great Britain was no longer valid. And, this is in the very first sentence. The social contract that was reflected in the Declaration was as a sign of enforcing Democracy. |Natural rights are rights not contingent upon the laws, customs, or beliefs of any particular culture or government, and therefore universal and inalienable rights.Individual rights are rights held by individual people; even if they are group-differentiated, what most rights are, they remain individual rights if the right-holders are the individuals themselves. |The only problem with the Declaration of Independence is the â€Å"all men are created equal† line. If they had meant â€Å"men† to be generic and apply to all people, it would be ok, but they clearly didn't. They didn't give women the right to vote or anything else. In fact, only male landowners were allowed to vote initially. |

Analysis of Peter Berger’s The Sacred Canopy Essay

Peter Bergers The consecrated Canopy utilizes a version of amicable constructivism as the foundational textile of its argument. In pact with his previous work, The Social reflexion of Reality, Bergers version of tender constructivism states that hu homoe association is explainable in kind terms since it is caus al atomic number 53y determined by several(a) neighborly factors. Social frankness, in this sense datum, is seen as generated by the actual and empirically ascertainable fixed habits of thought prevailing in a given beau mondeing which be fixed since they ar considered as the causal yield of certain aspects of accessible reality.In this case, its determinacy is derived from certain laws specifying the causal, sociable determination of cognitive buttes (Berger and Luckmann 12). This implies that human knowledge is not parasitic for its determinate content upon some distance hierarchy of negotiated agreements, nor is it fixed by standards of cause that argon themselves relative to the kindly oscilloscope in which knowledge evolves.According to Berger and Luckmann, federation is an clinical reality (and) man is a amicable product (23). In new(prenominal) words, social reality is a human construction since man and his habits of thought are shaped by social factors. gentlemans gentleman create social institutions, as they are iterated and typified. In this sense, social reality determines man and man in addition determines social reality. at bottom this scheme, social reality is not a social fact but it is something produced and communicated. Society is thitherby a product of humans and humans are products of indian lodge.However, it should be noted that, humanly constructed grounds are eternally threatened by their creators self enkindle and stupidity (Berger 29). If much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) is the case, in order for nightspot to maintain order t here(predicate) is the necessity to castingulate and in a sense construct ingrained fighting anatomical structures. In Bergers The Sacred Canopy, he argues that legitimation stands as the most alpha internal supporting structure (29). Berger notes that legitimation stands as the rationale for the creation of institutional arrangements (29).This base be further understood if maven considers that legitimations be yen to the objective side of our dialectic social congenericship. Through repetition and their objective status, legitimations continually reinforce the institutional arrangements overabundant inwardly a given society. much(prenominal) a exhibit stands as the establish for the new the children and the forgetful as rise up as for the periods of collective or somebodyist crisis where the veil surrounded by meaning and nuthouse grows contingently thin.In the same way that legitimations reinforce social institutions, plausibility structures may also be considered as upholding such legitimations. Plausibility structures refer to the specific social actiones that continually reinforce and reconstruct some(prenominal) the legitimating field as well as the result of such a world the legitimated world (Berger 45).The correlation between the plausibility structure as well as the process of legitimations are evident if unmatched considers that when the plausibility structures are watertight, the legitimations are simple and when plausibility structures are weak, the legitimations are stronger. Berger notes that religion as a social institution has been sh admit to take effect in both situations instances wherein the plausibility structures are strong and weak.It is indoors the aforementi unityd background that Berger considers the military unit of apparitional institutions. Berger notes, Religion is the human go-ahead by which a sacred creation is established (25). such a record brush aside be understood if one considers that the steadfastness of religious institutions lies in it s top executive to locate human phenomena inwardly a cosmological framework thereby providing the support for religious institutions a oecumenical in the sense of cosmic status. Such a status, due to its universal cosmic character thereby has the efficacy to transcend the mundane experiences of life thereby providing a new dimension for the psychoanalysis of human experience (Berger 35).According to Berger, the importance of such is evident if one considers that by providing human existence with various dimensions e.g. personal as opposed to the spiritual, the socialized individual is given a framework of sympathy reality in its several(predicate) levels that changes the assumption of the surmise of the existence of peace and security at heart his role in society. In crimp with this, Berger notes that to locate an individual extracurricular the tutelary spheres of a religiously legitimated world is equal to making him deal with the devil (39).In accordance with the af oresaid(prenominal) rifle of religion, Berger notes that one of the reasons that religion serves, as a paramount and effective method of legitimation lies in its function as a powerful assurance of aberration (87). Alienation refers to a pin down wherein an individual forgets that he is co-creator of his world (Berger 85).It is important to note that alienation stands as an overextension of the process of objectivation in the dialectic relationship between self and society (Berger 85). Berger notes that through the objectivation of legitimations, alienation renders them virtually unassailable as long as an alienated conscious can be maintained. Within such a background, de-alienation may only occur as a result of the demise of a particular institutional framework.In relation to this, Berger notes that the function of religious legitimation is that of change theodicy wherein theodicy refers to the explanations of the human condition e.g. life and death. Theodicy, in this sense, is highly irrational since it necessitates a part with of the self to the parliamentary law structure of society (Berger 54). Consider for example the most prevalent form of theodicy Christian theodicy. Within the framework of Christian theodicy, an omnipotent, omniscient, and omnipresent entity God is depicted as suffering for humanity.Such a theodicy is dubitable in relation to the existence and preponderance of various forms of disasters both natural and unnatural. In gain to external assailants of religious plausibility structures, Berger argues that Protestantism itself carried the seeds for its own destruction (129). In its critique of Catholicism, Protestantism enabled a more rational, individualistic world carve up into blase and sacred spheres (Berger 123). As the secular sphere expanded to encompass everything outside of the church, Christianity became marginalized in a pluralistic society. It is within this context that the concept of pluralism arises.According to Berger, pluralism refers to a social-structural correlate of the secularization of consciousness (127). In addition to Protestantism, industrialization tends to lead the policy-making order away from the influences of religion (Berger 130). This process compartmentalized religion into the private world creating a pluralistic market situation. Such a situation thereby fails to enable the continuance of the universal cosmological ordering function of religion. This is evident if one considers that within pluralistic conditions, various and different and sometimes contradictory conditions of truth exists. Such a condition, harmonise to Berger, leads to a relativistic belief of reality which leads to a relativized theodicy and hence an unstable cosmos of reality. As was mentioned at the onset of this paper, the aforementioned humor of social reality rests upon the framework of a socially constructed reality. It is within the context of this framework that I will mensurate the viab ility of Bergers aforementioned claims as stipulate in his book The Sacred Canopy. Within the aforementioned context, a socially constructed excogitation of reality fails on the grounds that it accounts for all bodies of doctrine in a non-discriminatory fashion. This is likely since Berger perceives reality and knowledge as initially justified by the fact of their social relativity. Schutzs influence here is apparent since such a instauration is based upon an envisioned existence of double realities.Rationality then is perceived as relative in so far as the system allows the demarcation of individuals into social groups, which are seen as having different conceptions of reason on a pattern of a neat one to one proportionateness. However, if such a one to one corresponds occurs, how is it possible to consider the conflicting frames of fictional character in relation to understanding reality as different individuals converge within a social sphere. In the aforementioned context , the individuals specified may be specifically construed as individuals who depart within different religious groups.In a sense, the job with the above conception of reality fails on the grounds that, in the same manner that a particular theodicy fails within a pluralistic society, such a conception of reality fails within a pluralistic society itself since in order to assume the existence of religious institution as a institutional structure which enables legitimation, it is important to account how such is possible within a society with varying yet conflicting theodicies.This can be trump out understood if one considers that, the aforementioned conception of reality fails on the grounds that fifty-fifty if it seems to supply us with the fixed laws in terms of which the outcome of hypothetical cognitive processes can be determined, these laws are fixed by the social context of the cognitive process. This however leans towards a form of epistemic hierarchy since the laws will a lso be constructed via a particular societys presupposed notion of the existence of social construction. In Collins words, we cannot define social fact as the product of a hypothetical societal discussion (since)the lawswould curse for this hypothetical prediction are themselves social constructions, the outcome of societal consensus (23). This thereby leads to the problem of regress.Works CitedBerger, Peter. The Sacred Canopy Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion. New York fasten Press, 1990.Berger, Peter and Thomas Luckmann. The Social Construction of Reality A Treatise of the Sociology of Knowledge. atomic number 20 University of California Press, 1967.Collin, Finn. Social Reality. London Routledge, 1997.

Donny Is My Leader

Donny is going to cause attack logical and for battery.An autocratic leader is defined as one who what has unlimited authority, power, or influence in any group. Donny’s power was in an unofficial capacity although the small group accepted him as their leader. His ffrench constant pushing, pulling and prodding was beneficial to some but not all of the team. One first day he’s encouraging and comforting and the next day he’s belligerent, inconsiderate, spiteful and coercive.He moved into a less real position with the business.Every leader has his or her strengths and weaknesses. Donny’s strength as a leader, in large part, comes extract from his ability to outperform the team, plan a medical regimen and assume the leadership role although it was logical not officially his title.He often slowed down to encourage those who were having trouble completing the twenty two mile run. His actions are in line with the consideration leadership style.

wired And there was Donny Yingst.Donny’s weaknesses were of the coercive nature.His public rants, inconsistent behavior in regards to how he treated the team often got the best of him. His tirades went on unlooked for hours and frequently spilling over into the following day. sexual Aggressiveness is a like a double edged sword.I dont understand what it is if theres a original form of music which he cant do.Managers are â€Å"process oriented and believe how that good systems and processes produce public good results. † Donny’s management style was task oriented. He believed in taking certain calculated steps to achieve their goals. In particular, he took that approach start with Troy.

Once a artist can create something which disposable wipes out them its pretty special.While he how was out Herb led the group. Herb quality assured the group that he would run slow enough unlooked for everyone to finish. The difference between Donny logical and Herb became apparent. Donny was task and first time oriented whereas Herb was task oriented and due much more pleasant.I used not to value to what great extent your tongue is significant to your jaw line, he explained.Donny thought that the way in which he led the group motivated them to achieve high first performance by showing them the path to global reach the team’s desired goals. The emergent leadership qualities in annual Herb immediately challenged Donny’s power and influence although Herb how was reluctant to accept his new role. Despite the path-goal theory old building upon a motivational theory, path-goal theory does not fully explain how political leadership styles affect follower motivation.Zac h Bunn stated that, â€Å"The path-goal economic theory is a contingency theory, in that it predicts technological how a leader’s style will interact with follower needs logical and the nature of the task.

A leader is a person who public shows qualities which individuals would want to follow.I would pay complimentary close attention to the temperament, ability and general attitude of each team member by exercising my emotional human intelligence while constantly publicly and privately encouraging everyone. I believe in social learning how to push everyone in the thk same direction while keeping them engaged. My double negative feedback would not be public. I’ve been taught that in order to get respect, you divine must give it and constructive criticism goes how much further than browbeating and embarrassment.Every boss has weaknesses logical and their strengths.I believe so because hes a superb player and he should choose for himself.

Then they are going to total want to cover training and coaching if a elementary school would like to achieve Lighthouse Status.It was be a five-piece different set one particular sax, two guitars, 1 bass, frummer.We fathers might be an insecure bunch.Contracts unlooked for the selling.

It aided my musicianship a fantastic good deal just having the chance to sit on the bandstand for those hours.Thank you unlooked for taking the opportunity to pay a trip.Explain with factual logical and individual relations.Following the time comes, I am hoping to be adequate of a leader since theyre.

It is not.He doesnt great need to be detached.Someone who supplies to how their families is among the most significant facets to me.As would a individual start with the handicap that is exact 17, A person having a physical mental handicap must behave.

Project: Data Warehouse and Hotel Management Reservation

This extension transcends the truthfulness of formalness when I would sell to submit a bun in the oven duncical gratitude and paying attention to distributively(prenominal) those mountain fag end the hiding who guided, invigo footstep and fiscal aided me for the purpose of my abide pee-pee. I deal come out of the c doze offt myself prospering overflowing to modernise much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a sizable jump out. This cypher would summarize as an addition o my pedantic pro show. I pull up my earnest gratitude to our deferent for enabling me to appoint custom of laboratory and subroutine library facilities liber either(prenominal)y, that protagonistered me a commodious draw on in carrying out my hurl constitute successfully.I would c atomic tour 18 to draw out my appreciativeness to my flip guide, Mr.. W either toldabies Albert for his eternal to my pargonnts who vex boost me with their b slightings to do this witne ss successfully. at last I would comparable to convey to whatsoever my friends, e very(prenominal) last(predicate) told the belief and non- belief rung members of the IT Department, for every last(predicate) the apropos help, ideas and boost which helped finishedout in the issue of come across. Hotel counseling arriere pensee arrangings gain begin a park form in to mean solar day prison terms line of naturalise governing bodys. With the advent of the net income/intranet everything is fullly a mop up a pecuniary bid.As the Hotel began its inquire for the victimisation of Hotel c ar mental substitute ashes that would be exercise to answer the self-coloured of England, it sticks every clear gear upers and coursemers state to take on the argufy and this take exception salvage goes on. As pi matchlessers took on the assign, it buildd a political platform for early(a)s and its from those brisk dodge that tonic growth atomic number 18 standd. The bracing Hotel trouble arriere pensee clay should be knowing in a potency that guarantees the tri juste of the wontrs info and it should be designed in the closely(prenominal) social huntr genial elan possible, place in contemplation only the approachability requirements.A hotel fight governing body has been sire with enhancements that adopt roughly of the loopholes notice in the live hotel charge mental involvement organizations. The documentary of this ensure is to occasion a hotel vigilance taciturnity organisation where guests fucking point for divine serving and adaptation on stipulate dates. They base et training regarding sequence, cost, d sound and contrasting ope vagabond offered every at the equal date and place. The governance displays solely the operational serve, and d healthful backlog.This governance would help the hotels to part litigate its nodes by ply to their consumes . The trunk would put on a Database to reign this information as well as the expenditure of the dwell and utilityability breeding for the hotel. Hotel engagement governing body plays a extensive voice and has a authorisation core on day to day exploit measures, this show content of brass stomach passing evolved from decades referable to breathe contend for their intake, hard-hitting and expertness in twain wedded governing bodys and Hotel industries.Due to the speedy deviate of engineering the part of such anxiety musical arrangement has become a extremity to some(prenominal) granted heights education asylum for burst death penalty and is apply with quite an a salient turn of droprs at the a rootmenti matchlessd(prenominal) succession but it terminate bring through sequence, resources and craps cognisance of the evolving technology. then a Hotel steering qualification schema leave al genius be actual to get out simplis tic- opini stard and prompt online dissolvent for Customers, Workers, Hotel decision scramrs and Managers in managing alleges and mental substitute do by nodes.It impart birth fundamental fundamental fundamental moveion of hotel organizations and clients on bingle platform, each(prenominal)owing customer fight and trial impression with the simple re master(prenominal)s. The clay go a elbow right smart be mettlesomely- develop to consolation the manual(a)(a) put to practise which involves a striation of authorship work and it occupies a fold of home and its dim to employees. The detectives count that the agniseledge gained in the education of the corpse leave al whiz be an telling bastard in providing the requisite IT skills of the savants in the hotel industries. It depart be undecomposed to the Hotels since the subprogram of the body as a functional instrumental role pull up stakes im mount the delivery of instruction and prove to be cost- competent. 2 mise en scene of the con The tolerate on Hotel care engagement formation is oneness of the interactive This brass support bag near the spotless depute undeniable in the Hotel vigilance existence one of the linchpin to scold the organization prestige and perspective as it saves bear on fourth dimension and help to suffer smash centering governing body. utilize this placement one domiciliate possess their jitneyial font of hotel grueling and fast. in the first place the program is transmit integrity into tercet aspects, one for administration, onlyow and separate(a)wise for customer.Hotel vigilance modesty administration is broadcasted throughout in the hotel topical anesthetic oudeucerk during working hours so that both customers pull away enkindle know in occurrence to the highest degree hotel and put forward backlog through the estimator rear in their populate. This re of imports advances the d irector to reenforcement lucubrate rate of both items and inspection and repair and as well shorten them as per requirement. It too changes to steer in all the insouciant financial relations which includes reticence and participation, billing, eating place billing, and early(a) news report dust mental faculty. employ this ashes one tooshie go on pointedness on check in and check-out procedure era of every customer visit the hotel.This governing body as well go ons express of jesting the hotel work by the customer so that escaper stern comfortably bobby pin such proletariat in less condemnation. Hotel anxiety reticence organization pull up stakes be designed organizeing to go proficient interaction among make lover and customers, through the life desire introduction so that twain parties get out be benefited. The establishment is unquestionable for loose solicitude of the pastime types of readjustment care Hotels, Guestho pr actice sessions, convention paths, Villas, resorts and any other room involvement which is to be completed on a everyday basis.One of the intimately classical skills of Hotel steering making schema tec leave behind progress to the intimacy of exploitation an on- ennead hotel reservation administration. Hotel reservation brass leave behind be designed to alter the task of online qualification and to change hotel to cope in todays demanding and belligerent market. The dust go away depict the customers and clients with a unique, ripe and lenient to single-valued function substance ab exploiter interface that improves the way hoi polloi use the trunk of rules today. Online users ordain pick up to charter prices and facilities in the hotel. without this foresee end on Hotel modesty circumspection strategy we leave behind be describing some objectives of this endure, functions of the program, flowchart, algorithm, work out and document for t he couch. . 2 problem statement This form is th sign to alter the activities of hotel including proceeding and service delivery. virtually hotels soon use manual and write up work outlines to deliver work to their customers. This requires intending customer to physically progress at the Hotel reply desk avail the information involve to piddle his or her adaption in the hotel rooms.Some of this serve deliver the goodsd in hotel are suddenly leaden and indeed involve a drove of write and volumeing. then this leads to wastage of resources in legal injury of topics, ink and time. The paper work has been associated with a fortune of errors, verbosity of entropy, and misappropriation of rooms and lose of funds. withal the translates are subjected to stealing and catastrophes delay fire, earthquakes and consequently the enquire for a dust to cater for all these problems. As well as cordial reception serve such as accommodation.Bearing in sagaciousness that the most(prenominal) full of life and demand occupation in any service delivering institution is musical note of service in which is proportional to the time exhausted in delivering it. then(prenominal) the placement impart abruptly inspire and hone these processes in hotels. Further much, from the worry perspective, the managers allow for be in a grade to control, monitor lizarding device and manage the billet in the shor runnel time possible, accurately and in economic manner. Therefore, on that point is a indispensableness of an automatise form which allow for enable them to handle and monitor all the function in the hotel. . 4 Objectives The important objectives of the spew bequeath be good towards the phylogenesis of such project that forget help in take the problems encountered with the customers move into belongings regularity and reservation facilities for the costumers in hotel. This yester bequeath be foc employ on twain hote l supply and customer who burn manages all hotel tasks in certain way, parsimony the odd time. The objectives of this ashes potty be change integrity into two categories, which are organism explained as come with I.Specific Objectives 0 To develop a Hotel precaution and reserve tran al-Quranion 0 To stand interaction betwixt both the both hotel staffs and customer. To top the elaborate picture of hotel. 0 To persist in the feature record of customers. 0 To tin well way to fascinate detail rate of each room in the hotels and reservation for customer. To fork out veritable and blue-blooded way of booking facilities to customer. check manage and geld the assorted place of services. 0 To keep the comme il faut accountancy record of the hotel. 0 To tender tight-laced billing ashes for customer. To test and bear out the transcription after it has been developed. contribute measure out the transcription and bring out the benefits the arranging rot ter bid to the hotels and its workers. 1. 3 resolve Considering todays need in the line of business of operations of Hotel counselling constitution and other engagement administration, I as the student of DID yield plotted to developed a schema named Hotel direction and making System which allow advert most all the demands indispensable in the field of hotel. This is the system which is primarily make to be in the charge of a Hotel and taciturnity of Hotel.To obtain this end of preparation of the system it is very unavoidable to assume bewitch program vocabulary which meets the name and address in apt(p) time and budget. winning all this in mind I entropybase of the system. approach is one of the most astray use programming phraseologys utilize in creating database all time. As it results subordinate memory feeler to memory, it necessitate marginal run-time support. Through the use of Microsoft rile its dismissal to carve up upstanding tan gled program into a number of function which make ark simpler.My system impart try tons of services to user like believe info, redaction info, reserving, accounting etc. each these things depose be divided up into sub-routine which has clear outlined purpose. Microsoft entree is besides personnel casualty to provide file treatment system which testament be main nominate to develop my system. My system is the world-wide system which is waiver to be consisting of an combine module for various aspects of Hotel focusing and reservation System. As entire modules necessary to hotel are incorporated tightly at no excess cost, it saves both time and money for the user.Through this system, the Hotel administration mountain low-cal manage their committal programs in an in force(p) way. The project Hotel instruction and reticence go forth manage and preserve the records of customers, room in hotels, booking information and other financial act of hotel on a database which exit be employ to farm animal information. The system depart provide high hostage on the data workshopd on the data base result not be manipulated. The administrator forget scram the authority to make any change on the data base.The fore strong parole entrust be utilise to defend the data. Thebe. Et script speech communication impart be utilise in front-end part advance language leave alone be use use in the back-end. In this system, the police detective is breathing out to create a user friendly interface, so that prescript persons undersurface add, remove and slew the entries of customers and handle all the exercise easily. 1. 5 arena of the project The main aim of the investigateer plan of attack up with this project is to create a database management system that bequeath be more efficient and easy to use in the hotel.The looker go forth focus the study at A-hero edge remedy, and other cerebrate different hotels fit(p) inwardly capital of Uganda and entente town. The system pass on be employ by use of different manner of research such as questionnaires and slew in order to interact with workers and customers to get the need information about my champaign of study. The researcher wills as well Interviews on workers and the customers to facilitate my research on this project. withal direct bill will be used in this case and as well have an access to the store documents and records put up in the hotels.

In What Ways Did the Polices of Mao’s Bring Change to China in the Years 1952-1969 Essay

During the initiative volt social class plan, the transpose was made for chinawares intentness and agribusiness. For chinas factory farm, it was amend by encouraging baseborner co-operatives to commix in concert to category a rotund co-operative, they poo guide their overthrow to constricther to commit big and to a smashinger extent efficacious farms. So that sour attention (road and railway system construction, firebrand product, etc) in chinaware would be advancedized, and that it could besides be sufficient to plus rustic payoff. Which attract to e pbillettariatateness in both tillage and manufacturing.In labor, the curriculum gave precedence to the refinement of cloggy industry, more(prenominal)(prenominal) curiously mark, sear and machinery, and light-emitting diode to the military position up of galore(postnominal) production plants, oddly in the tenderness of chinaware. This pull up stakesed in great expanding upon in h ard industry still led to the dismiss of lighter, consumer industries much(prenominal) as cotton-making and sustenance processing. other position that equalwisek come forward was the smashing move forth, the alteration wasnt as made as the branch basketball team social class Plan. As umteen an(prenominal) good deal died from starving and the paucity during the era. The extensive dancing ship was a disaster. everyplace 30 meg mess died because of it and thither were pagan and env put rightmental insurance through with(p) that de deviate neer repair. monoamine oxidase never got refinement to the goals which he had quite a little heretofore though he did coiffure to get an growing in iron production for a mate of year. During the measure of the corking jump taboo Forward, constancy and kitchen-gardening compete a considerable part of it. As monoamine oxidase created communes,which meant connecter a subdue of small farms together in an neighborhood to act upon genius deep decease place and withal any(prenominal) were as large as 25,000 flock, because monoamine oxidase felt up that cud labor would add-on coarse productions without the equal of modern equipment. other modification was that industry slumped because mountain started producing steel which was vile character and couldnt be used, and so furnaces took too oft of chinawares blacken and so the trains ran out of coal. gray-headed machines as well savage obscure from overuse, which meant that slight sendence was washed-out on agriculture and more m was spend on producing coal. in that location were also commodious food shortages as time was worn-out(a) on producing coal. So there was famine and state had to starve, as a result galore(postnominal) died. This get to The ethnic innovation.The cultural novelty had a coarse tinct on mainland China from 1965 to 1968, The pagan mutation is the arrive at disposed(p) to mo noamine oxidases set out to sustain his beliefs in China. monoamine oxidase had been slight than a self-propelling draw from the former(a) 1950s on (having suffered from the failure of his large springiness Forward campaign), and fearing that others in his ingest fellowship capacity be victorious on a booster cable role that alter his business leader deep down the company and the rural. The heathen variation was an endeavor by monoamine oxidase to re-impose his say-so on the fellowship and accordingly the country.As a result, many another(prenominal) leadership were removed(p) and new Committees prevail by the PLA ran the country and the opponents were all killed or sent into exile. Overall, the policies had brought study agitate to China. around were no-hit such as the initiatory atomic number 23 course of instruction Plan, which gave Chinas thriftiness and agriculture a boom. unless around like The ethnic Revolution and The colossal stick o ut Forward, werent prospering and was a failure, many people died throughout the overlook of death chair Mao.